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Turbo equalizer
In digital communications, a turbo equalizer is a type of receiver used to receive a message corrupted by a communication channel with intersymbol interference (ISI). It approaches the performance of a maximum a posteriori (MAP) receiver via iterative message passing between a soft-in soft-out (SISO) equalizer and a SISO decoder.〔R. Koetter, A.C. Singer, and M. Tüchler (''Turbo Equalization'' ) IEEE Signal Processing Mag., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 67–80, Jan. 2004.〕 It is related to turbo codes in that a turbo equalizer may be considered a type of iterative decoder if the channel is viewed as a non-redundant convolutional code. The turbo equalizer is different from classic a turbo-like code, however, in that the 'channel code' adds no redundancy and therefore can only be used to remove non-gaussian noise.
==History==
Turbo codes were invented by Claude Berrou in 1990-1991. In 1993, turbo codes were introduced publicly via a paper listing authors Berrou, Glavieux, and Thitimajshima.〔 International Conference on Communications, 1993.〕 In 1995 a novel extension of the turbo principle was applied to an equalizer by Douillard, Jézéquel, and Berrou.〔 European Transactions on Telecommunications, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 507-511, September–October 1995.〕 In particular, they formulated the ISI receiver problem as a turbo code decoding problem, where the channel is thought of as a rate 1 convolutional code and the error correction coding is the second code. In 1997, Glavieux, Laot, and Labat demonstrated that a linear equalizer could be used in a turbo equalizer framework.〔A. Glavieux, C. Laot, and J. Labat, (“Turbo equalization over a frequency selective channel,” ) in Proc. Int. Symp. Turbo Codes, Brest, France, Sept. 1997, pp. 96–102.〕 This discovery made turbo equalization computationally efficient enough to be applied to a wide range of applications.〔M. Tüchler, R. Koetter, and A.C. Singer, “(Turbo Equalization: Principles and New Results ),” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 754-767, May 2002.〕
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